Unit 2 : Bones
HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS
CARING FOR THE SYSTEM
HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS
- The skeletal system consists of bones, connective and joints
- There are 206 bones in the system
- Smallest in your ear 0.25 cm
- Largest - Femur ( Thigh )
- Support for the body
- Protecting internal tissues and organs from damage.
- Framework for attached muscles
- Allows movement of limbs and digits
- Produces new red and white blood cells
- Stores fat and minerals, such as calcium and phosphorus
- Grow inside the womb
- It turns hard as you grow older by process called ossification
- Need certain materials and vitamins D and Calcium
- Cartilage - a strong flexible connective tissue
- Classification - the process by which bone is formed
- Ligament - band of fibrous, slightly elastic connective tissue that attaches one bone to another.
- Tendon - a fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone.
CARING FOR THE SYSTEM
- Healthy diet - high calcium, vitamin d, phosphorus
- Regular exercise
- Regular medical check ups
- Ractures
- Hairline Fracture: if parts of the bone do not separate
- Transverse Fracture: When the fracture is completely across the bone.
- Comminuted Fracture: when the bone shatters into more than two pieces.
- Repetitive Motion Injury: 0 prolonged, repeated movements such as computer work can damage tissues. Eg. Carpal tunnel syndrome when ligaments and tendons in the wrist swell, causing numbness, a tingling sensation in the thumb and forefinger, pain, and weakness in the hand.
Other problems
Dislocation - when a bone slips out of place, tearing ligaments that attach the bone at the joint.
Torn cartilage - can result from a sharp blow to a joint or a severe twisting of a joint. Surgery can repair the damage.